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The present study aimed at investigating the model of the structure of sports in Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytical and in terms of the purpose, it was an applied study. Data were collected by review of related literature, Delphi method and finally a researcher-made questionnaire. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.91. The study population consisted of the managers in the Ministry of Sport and Youth, managers and experts of the National Olympic Committee, heads of federations, the managers of sport associations of School Sport Federation and the faculty members. The sample was equal to the population 302 questionnaires were sent to the sample and 238 questionnaires (79%) were returned. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics and tests of Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis test (H) were used. Results showed that sport for all, training sport, championship sport and professional sport were respectively the priorities of structure of sports in Iran. Also, in formulating the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan of Iran, none of the four parts of sport have been highly taken into account.

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The aim of this study was to identify strategies and consequences of communalizing recreational sports in Iran. To this end, the research strategy of grounded theory was used in a systematic way. The statistical population consisted of experts of leisure and recreational sports. The method of sampling was purposive and snowball and focus groups techniques were used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 experts and a centralized focus group meeting was held as well. In the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews and focus groups, 30 pivotal codes were determined and then arranged in 5 separate categories that resulted in five strategies: (1) quantitative development of participation in recreational sports, (2) promoting the culture of dynamism in life, (3) development of training sports in formal training centers, (4) organizational development of recreational sports, and (5) development of sport and recreation facilities. 18 consequences of the implementation of the strategies were classified in five groups. According to the provided strategies and consequences, providing equal chances for everyone in Iranian community to constantly participate in sports can be insured regardless of age, gender, economic affordability, social class, skills and disabilities.

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The aim of this study was to compare and prioritize the viewpoints of customers, executives and supply chain on development strategies of sport discount cards. A 9-item questionnaire was distributed among three groups of sample: executives (n=65), customers (n=283) and supply chain (n=139). Construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by measurement model and exploratory factor analysis method which showed that it was appropriate given fit indexes. Also, the Cronbach's alpha reliability was achieved as 0.88 and time consistency was 0.74 according to the Pearson correlation coefficient method. The results showed a significant difference in the mean ranks of the main variable of development strategies among the three groups (P≤0.001, x²=24.994). Also, there was a significant difference in the priority of 9 items of development strategies among these groups, that is to say the customers attached the greatest priority to communication with customers (P≥0.001, x²=228.634) while supply chain attached their greatest priority to distribution channel (P≥0.001, x²=92.576) and executives to key activity (P≥0.001, x²=253.822). These results can be used to redesign the processes and establish the integrated information system for this business which leads to customers’ more satisfaction and their loyalty development and the achievement of the main objective, i.e. to facilitate sport for all.

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The purpose of this study was to investigating effective factors of sponsorship from sport for all in Iran. This research was a kind of exploratory research and it was of a qualitative nature. Data were collected using study of documents and in-depth and semi-structured interviews and with 21 experts, faculty members and executives of public sport who were selected by purposeful sampling and using snowball technique and it continued until the theoretical saturation. Based on thematic analysis, data were coded and analyzed. In a thematic analysis, the data from the interviews with the experts were coded into the research topic. Then, in two stages, the initial concepts were developed. In the first stage, 64 concepts were extracted from the interviews with the experts. These concepts were coded in the second stage for greater coherence and for better analysis and interpretation in the form of 12 more abstract concepts under the heading of financial support infrastructure, Economic factors, management factors, sponsorship culture, government factors, human resources, competitive advantage, Social factors, legal factors, media factors, Political factors and organizational factors. Next, 12 concepts generated in the secondary coding process were categorized into 9 major categories or themes. These major categories (themes) in terms of being abstract are at a higher level than the concepts of the preceding stage. According to the results of the research managers of sport for all can show sport, concepts and categories identified in your future plans in order to better financial support of sport for all.

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 The aim of this study was to develop an interpretive structural model for the development of sport for all based on global approaches. Due to the nature of the study, the mixed methodology was used. The qualitative phase of the study was based on the grounded theory and the quantitative phase was performed using interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population included experts in this field with more than 10 years of work experience and the sampling was performed by purposive sampling method and according to theoretical saturation. In the qualitative section, 12 experts were interviewed, and sport for all indicators were identified by the grounded theory and the modeling was performed using interpretive structural analysis. The results showed that 45 codes in the form of 15 concepts and 7 categories (indices) influenced the development of sport for all. Also, the ISM matrix showed that the interpretive structural model of sport for all development with a global approach consisted of six levels: legal environment, economic and infrastructure, media, lifestyle, social, and participation in sport for all. Therefore, it is suggested that the identified indicators based on the research model should receive the sport authorities’ attention so that sport for all in Iran can be developed.

 

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 The rapid growth of urbanization in line with fundamental changes in urban lifestyle affected by the capitalist system and new technologies has led to the rise and emergence of numerous urbanization problems and increasing psychological and physical pressures on citizens. One of the places that have been severely affected by these developments is the urban neighborhood system. The purpose of this study was to identify and rank barriers to Sports for All development in the neighborhoods of Arak city. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the statistical population in the qualitative section included: experts (15 people) and in the quantitative section, included: all participants inside Sports for All city of Arak (450 people). In the quantitative part, 207 people were selected as available and in the qualitative part of the whole statistical population as a sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which was prepared using a mixed method. To evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire quantitatively, two relative content validity coefficients and content validity index were used. Confirmatory factor analysis; t-test and Friedman test were used to analyze the statistical data. Information obtained using "SPSS" software. Version 24 and LISREL were analyzed. The results showed that, the seven factors that were identified as obstacles to the development of neighborhood sports have an effective and significant role in the lack of neighborhood sports development. These factors are in order of priority as follows: infrastructure, management, facilities and equipment, socio-cultural, budget-credit, environmental-welfare and finally access. The general result of the research indicates that proper management for exploiting the current situation is not done and the focus and attention is on hold  sometimes morning and evening sports, in some of the main parks of the city.

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The present study aimed to provide a model for decisions on outsourcing service in sport for all supply chain. The present study has been done using a systematic design of data foundation theory and based on fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts in the sports industry, sport for all, supply chain and outsourcing, the concepts and components of optimal decision-making in the field of outsourcing of sports services were identified. After summarizing and categorizing the issues raised by the experts, 6 main indicators and 20 sub-indicators were obtained in the decision to outsource services in the public sports supply chain. Then, based on the knowledge of experts, the relationships between concepts were drawn in the form of fuzzy cognition maps. Excel, FCMapper and FCM EXPERT software were used to draw fuzzy cognitive maps and calculate the related indicators. Indicators related to cognitive maps indicated that the design and implementation of outsourcing evaluation systems, control and comparison of pre- and post-outsourcing conditions and the quality of outsourcing recipients, respectively, have the highest degree of centrality; this means that they have the most impact on the outsourcing decision-making system. Finally a set of Outsourcing the Decisions policies were examined as two different scenarios. The results of this study show that according to the fuzzy cognitive map, the principled and scientific decision-making of outsourcing services in the sport  for all supply chain is the result of comprehensive attention to decision-making indicators. The results of this study can help sports managers to make appropriate decisions to outsource the sport for all services sector and succeed.