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The social and economic status of contemporary organizations necessitates creative and efficient managers. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural equation modeling in examining the relationship between effectiveness and creativity of managers of sport federations. This study was descriptive and field. Statistical population consisted of all managers, deputy managers and secretaries of Iran sport federations (N=100). The sample equaled the statistical population. For data collection, Hamidi effectiveness questionnaire (α=0.81) and Randsyp creativity questionnaire (α=0.89) were used and finally 80 questionnaires were returned. To test research hypotheses, Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient test, one sample t test, multivariate regression in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in Lisrel software. The results showed a positive significant relationship between creativity and effectiveness (r=0.262, p<0.05). Also, regression results showed that effectiveness explained 42.5% of variance in creativity (R2=0.425, p<0.01) and the proper management played the most important role in predicting changes in managers' creativity (β=1.218, p˂0.001). Also, the research model showed the necessary fit and the effect and prediction of managers' effectiveness on their creativity (T=9.12, GFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.079). It was concluded that it is significant to develop effectiveness indexes. It is clear that the interaction between creativity and effectiveness finally leads to development of federation conditions to achieve their goals.

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This study aimed at offering those indicators required to evaluate the path of sport development in Fars province. According to the existing resources, the methods of collecting the required indicators were examined. Then, given the available resources and data, potential indicators for the evaluation of sport development in Fars province were offered using descriptive methods and review of related literature. Then through qualitative method and a survey of sport development document of Fars province, 20 indicators were selected to evaluate the process of sport development in this province by an investigation of the macro goals and objectives of Sport and Youth general office of Fars province. Through analyzing the obtained data, it was clear that the policy makers of this province emphasized social participation more than other indicators. Other components were informing, accessibility, women participation, volunteering, educational-scientific and structural-political respectively.

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The aim of this study was the factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the elite sport development in Iran. The statistical population included 850 managers and the elite sport experts and physical education faculty members in Iran universities. In the qualitative section, the viewpoints of 25 elite sport experts were used and in the quantitative section, 265 subjects were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling method based on Morgan Table. To achieve the study objectives, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the elite sport development in Iran was provided. Then based on the provided list, a researcher-made questionnaire with 61 items was distributed among the subjects. For data analysis, a Delphi method was used for the qualitative section and descriptive and inferential statistics including confirmatory factor analysis by AMOS and SPSS were used in the quantitative section. The results indicated that there were 10 strengths, 15 weaknesses, 6 opportunities, and 16 threats for the elite sport development in Iran. Finally, it is recommended that sport responsibilities pay attention to these findings and recommendations in order to develop the elite sport.

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 The aim of this study was to investigate those parameters affecting the public environmental of championship. Research method was descriptive - survey and theoretical fundamental in terms of aims. The dependent variable was championship with the index of countries’ places in the London (2012) and Rio (2016) Olympics and independent variables included the population of those countries, their area of land, the rate of their gross domestic product (GDP), the level of their welfare and their scientific development index. The data were collected using a library and data collection forms which were extracted from valid information centers. The statistical population consisted of information about those countries which had a place in Olympics 2012 and 2016. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation test and linear regression test were used. The results confirmed the effect of 3 factors (population, the area of land and gross domestic product (GDP)) on the development of championship and did not confirm the effect of 2 factors (level of welfare and scientific development). Also, the results showed that the effect of these factors was different in different continents. Finally, it can be said that these 5 factors alone cannot predict the development of championship and can be effective when they interact with each other and other direct factors.

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 This study aimed at designing a model to measure organizational development of Iran Sport Federations. In this correlation study, 372 participants were randomly selected from the statistical population of employees in sport federations in Iran using structural equation modeling. They responded to organizational development questionnaire (Lok & Crawford, 2000) (35 items) with 7 components (purpose, leadership, attitude to change, reward, relationship, structure, helpful mechanisms). The model parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood. Then, the model of measuring organizational development was examined by fitting indices. The data were analyzed using SPSS₂₄ and LISREL_8.5. The results showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO=0.958, Bartlett=8554.204, sig=0.001). Also, omitting 14 items increased fitting of the model of measuring organizational development. Fit indexes (x²/df=2.98, RMSEA=0.073, NNFI=0.97, NFI=0.97, CFI=0.98, IFI=0.98) were confirmed. The relationship between components and the conception of organizational development showed that all components could act as worthy predictors of organizational development. Therefore, researchers can use the questionnaire of organizational development (with 21 items) in this study which had proper validity and reliability to evaluate organizational development in sport organizations.

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 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of electronic human resource management and organizational creativity development with the effectiveness of HR in Sport and Youth Ministry of I.R. Iran and to design a model. The method of this study was descriptive / correlation and applied in terms of aims. The population included all staff of Sport and Youth Ministry in Iran in 2016 (N=901). Random sampling method was used. The sample consisted of 269 subjects by Morgan and Krejcie Table. Electronic human resources management questionnaire (Jamali, 2013), effectiveness of human resources questionnaire (Nick Pour, 2011) and organizational creativity questionnaire (Hasan Beigi, 2010) were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.88, 0.72 and 0.81 respectively). For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis and path analysis were used. The results of multiple correlation coefficient showed a direct and significant relationship between the criterion variable and predictor variables. Also, human resource management had more effect on the effectiveness of human resources than the development of organizational creativity, and it can be concluded that electronic human resource management plays more important role in explaining organizational effectiveness. The managers of Sport and Youth Ministry can not only increase staff’s perception of effectiveness but also increase staff’s creativity which influences organizational effectiveness using electronic human resource management.

 

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The purpose of this study was to present a model of football development in Iran with an emphasis on the preconditions of the presence of female spectators. This research is developmental as purpose aspect, exploratory research as a strategy aspect that was implemented as a qualitative method. The population of this research study was faculty members and elites in sport management that were selected as purposeful and snowball and were subjected to semi-structured interviews. Based on Grounded Theory Method, analysis and coding of the data were performed in three stages, and five of the participants confirmed the validity of the coding by verifying the findings of the research. The results showed the model is composed of three parts. At the first level of the model, ten categories affect the preconditions of the presence of female spectators in Iranian football stadiums. In the second part of the model, the preconditions for the presentation are effective on likely presence of the maximum of spectators and fans and at the third level, the maximum presence is effective on the development of football in Iran. The research findings will help sports managers and officials to provide the preconditions for the presence of female spectators in football stadiums to accelerate and facilitate international football development in Iran.

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The aim of the present study was to identify the effective dimensions of national chess development in Iran. The research method was exploratory and the required information was obtained through documentary studies and interviews with experts. The statistical population consisted of university professors specializing in country chess in different ranks and national and international levels. The sampling method was theoretical and the research instrument was the interview protocol with experts until theoretical saturation (17 interviews with 14 people) was done by three second-time experts. The reliability of the interviews was obtained by the test-retest method (0.83). Overall, the data were identified and categorized using open, axial, and selective coding, comprising 27 axial codes, generally in the form of 9 main concepts of national chess development in Iran, including Athletes' Talent and Education, Inter-organizational coordination and communication, management and planning factors, budgeting and funding, coaching and human resources development, hardware, competitions and camps, motivation and support for human resources and climatic conditions. According to the research findings considering the above factors will lead to the development of chess at the national level.

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The aim of this study was to develop a model of sustainable development of sport entrepreneurship in Iran from the viewpoint of strategic thinking using a systematic design of grounded theory. The participants in this study were experts and specialists in the fields of sport management and entrepreneurship. The sampling method was theoretical; sampling continued until theoretical saturation; and theoretical saturation reached after 17 interviews. In-depth and exploratory interviews were used in this study. The validity of the findings was determined by member matching methods, peer review, and pilot interviews. Interviews were conducted in Quality Data Analysis Software: MAXQDA. The open, axial and selective coding process identified six dimensions of the paradigm model including causal causality, central categories, strategies, influencing factors, intervening factors and outcomes. In general, the government must move towards privatization, pave the way for the private sector and play a supporting role itself in addition to creating rules to facilitate the presence of governmental entrepreneurs in order to achieve the sustainable development of sport entrepreneurship. Also, graduates should be attracted to entrepreneurship and self-employment by changes in educational processes.

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 The aim of this study was Designing a conceptual framework for Law Development of Sport in Iran. The research methodology was qualitative and performed by process strategy and in terms of the objectives was applied. The statistical population included two parts consists of human community (All sports law experts, including university professors, Specialists and legal experts, executive and government, sports directors, Disciplinary Committee Chairmen, There were presidents of the general court and all those involved in sports law research) and the information community (articles, books, documents, media). The statistical sample was surveyed by purposive sampling method (22 people and 64 documents) based on theoretical saturation. Research tools were included systematic library study and the exploratory interview structural. The validity of tools using qualitative narrative methods was evaluated at a desirable level (Content validity, Kappa coefficient). The proposed analytical framework included five main levels: elements, structures, strategies, processes and functions. Legal documents, legal entity structure, legal and professional enforcement system and legal role in sport as a level of support, Contract and legal registration, intellectual property rights and trade law in sport as the level of structures, restrictive and punitive laws and protection in sport as the level of strategies, Includes supervision, legal culture, training and empowerment, and legal science and research in sport as a level of legal development and processes, and the implications of legal development in sport as a level of functioning. Based on the research findings, it can be said that: Training, empowerment and legal culture in sport According to scientific and research topics along with legal supervision and inspection is one of the most important factors in the development of sports rights in the country.

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 The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of mass media in the development of student sport. The method of this research was descriptive correlations. The statistical population of this study included all Azad University sports experts, physical education faculty members and athletes from the universities of Azad University. The size of the unlimited society has been considered and according to Morgan's table, 398 people were selected as the research sample by stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire using the Delphi method was used to confirm the validity and reliability of the research. All questionnaire questions was positive and the questionnaire was scanned based on 5 Likert value spectrum, a questionnaire was provided to 7 faculty members in the field of sport management. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by applying the changes and opinions of the respected faculty members. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to verify the construct validity and all the items were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument on a 30-member sample. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for questionnaires and components above 0.7. The results showed that media play a significant role in the development of human resources in student sport, the development of student sport resources, the development of places and student sports infrastructure, the development of the academic environment of student sport, the development of the legal environment for student sport and the development of the cultural environment of student sport. Also, the role of media in the development of student sport is appropriate and all of the numbers and parameters of the model have a tangible value of T and factor load variable and a significant level less than 0.05 is significant.

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The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of NAJA championship sports. The research method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was the professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports. In the quantitative section, it included managers, coaches and athletes of NAJA sports. Statistical sample in the qualitative part was 10 person, and in the quantitative part for each question of the questionnaire 5 to 10 people were required that 324 people were selected purposefully. The measurement tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by NAJA Championship Sports. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the initial questionnaire item and to fit the model, structural equation path analysis was used using SPSS software version 20 and PLS version 2. The results of structural equation modeling showed that political, social, economic, educational, environmental, social and technology perspectives are effective in the development of NAJA championship sports. Therefore, according to each of the identified factors, such as developing strategic plans in NAJA championship sports, international agreements in NAJA championship sports, attracting support facilities from public and private bodies, using the reward system to increase the motivation of athletes it is suggested.

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The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of professional sports development on social development indicators in Iran. The present study is one of the mixed researches that was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population consisted of elites and experts in the field of social and sports and were familiar with the subject of the research. Based on purposive sampling method, 13 people were identified as participants in the qualitative part of the research. Also, based on the selection of the census, all these individuals were examined as a sample of research in the quantitative section. Data collection tools in the present study included an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding was used in the qualitative part and structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. The whole process of analyzing the present research data was performed in SPSS software version 20 and PBS version 2. In the qualitative stage, 42 characteristics were extracted through interviews, which were classified into 7 general indicators of social development, including justice, social capital, social vitality, social welfare, social development ethics, social security and social health. The results showed that educational Sport has a significant effect on social development (impact = 0.787, significance level = 0.001).