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The concept of team identity threat and fan’s coping strategies has recently been considered by sports management researchers and so far no research has been conducted in this field in the country. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the fan’s coping strategies against team identity threat with a case study of Esteghlal FC fans. The research method was qualitative research in the form of content analysis and the statistical society included the Esteghlal FC fans who followed the Instagram page of this team. The sampling method was purposeful and in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 samples up to theoretical saturation. Coding technique was used to analyze the data and NVivo software version 10 was used to classify the data. The results showed that the fan’s coping strategies in the conditions of the team identity threat in two comprehensive, emotion-oriented themes that include 6 sub-themes; keeping distance from the team, optimism for the future, past achievements, reinforcement, pessimism and blame of others, and humor, and problem-oriented theme, which includes 2 sub-themes; Explosions and destructive behaviors are categorized. The results have provided important applications in both theoretical and practical parts. On the one hand, it is the first study conducted in the field of fan’s coping strategies against the threat of team identity and has closed part of the huge gap in this field in domestic and foreign researches. In addition, it has provided a coherent view of types of fan’s coping strategies in facing team identity threats and a wide range of necessary management measures for a better management in these strategies.

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The purpose of this study was to review the studies conducted in the field of performance appraisal in Iranian sports with a content analysis approach in the period 2001-2021. The research method is based on strategy, descriptive, in terms of implementation path, content analysis and in terms of data collection, documentary. The statistical population of the study was 101 articles published in the field of searched concepts from 2001 to 2021 in Iran. Articles with the keywords performance management, performance appraisal, sports performance, team performance, sports success, performance of managers, coaches and referees, athlete success and athlete performance were searched in Magiran, SID, Noormags and Ensani.ir databases. The tool used was a checklist and spss software was used to analyze the information.
The results showed that out of 101 studies, 53% were dedicated to the evaluation of individual performance (managers / coaches / referees and athletes) and the rest to the evaluation of the performance of sports organizations. In addition, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) performance model and data hierarchy analysis (AHP) models have been used. In most researches, a researcher-made questionnaire (54.5%) was used, most of which were of formal and content type (30.7%) and most of which were Cronbach's alpha (66.3%). Is. Also, the research method was 88.1% in terms of strategy (descriptive), 36.6% in terms of implementation (survey) and 81.2% in terms of purpose (applied). In addition, in terms of sampling method, 34.7% of non-random sampling had the highest frequency. Also, most of the articles were researched by 3-4 authors (69.2%). According to the more specific findings of this study, it seems that the evaluation of team performance and performance of athletes should be evaluated with more accurate and lesser models. In addition, the use of accurate and objective statistical information, combined methods of validity and reliability, and methods based on mathematical models are suggested.