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The present study aimed at investigating the model of the structure of sports in Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytical and in terms of the purpose, it was an applied study. Data were collected by review of related literature, Delphi method and finally a researcher-made questionnaire. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.91. The study population consisted of the managers in the Ministry of Sport and Youth, managers and experts of the National Olympic Committee, heads of federations, the managers of sport associations of School Sport Federation and the faculty members. The sample was equal to the population 302 questionnaires were sent to the sample and 238 questionnaires (79%) were returned. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics and tests of Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis test (H) were used. Results showed that sport for all, training sport, championship sport and professional sport were respectively the priorities of structure of sports in Iran. Also, in formulating the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan of Iran, none of the four parts of sport have been highly taken into account.

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The aim of this study was to compare gender identity of male and female professional athletes in Iran. This study was descriptive, correlation and casual-comparative. The population consisted of all male and female, individual and team players in the national and professional sports teams (N=380). Using Morgan and Krejcie Table, 191 male and female athletes in individual and team sports were selected. In 1974, psychologist Sandra Bam provided a test that measured androgyny. The mean feminine identity, as expected, was higher in female athletes (5.11±0.432) and it was lower in male athletes than female athletes (4.96±0.502). Mean androgynous identity was equal in male and female athletes which was 4.95±0.475 in female athletes and 4.93±0.409 in male athletes. t obtained in this test was -2.263 and the significance level was less than 0.05 which showed a significant difference in gender identity between men and women.

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In this article, those factors influencing the privatization of professional soccer clubs in Iran were analyzed. The method was qualitative and its data were obtained by interviews and using the grounded theory. The population consisted of 15 experts. After conducting interviews and implementing the texts of the interviews related to the field of effective components, 186 open codes were detected at the initial stage of open coding, and at the second stage, 93 secondary codes were obtained. Subsequently, firstly the secondary codes with semantic and thematic affinity around a subset were collected, and a total of 63 subsets were obtained in order to form subsets in this domain. At the next stage of axial coding, the subsets related to the components influencing the privatization of football clubs were classified according to the semantic and conceptual affinity to 20 groups. Finally, the economic evolution in the club structure in line with the privatization, strengthening, liberalization and expansion of the capital market for soccer, comprehensive monitoring of all affairs, and support for sport and football, and the combined selling, testing and support methods were recognized as strategies which could direct the flow of privatization to a positive position.

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 To achieve financial success, brands need to meet customer needs to differentiate themselves positively from other brands and play a role in the market. Brand positioning allows the brand to meet these criteria. The aim of this study was to set Brand Positioning in Iran Football Professional League. The qualitative research method was conducted using grounded theory with the approach of Strauss and Corbin, the research tool was interview and the sampling method was purposeful and snowball. Interviews with 17 experts continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Open, axial and selective coding methods were used to analyze the data. As a result of data analysis, 5 main categories, 23 sub-categories and 216 concepts or open source were identified. The elements categorized into 23 concepts and sub-categories were as follows:
Structural prerequisites, Strategic management prerequisites, Commercial prerequisites, macro external prerequisites, Brand personality, Club symbols, Emotional aspect, Event aspect, Fans’ strategies, Marketing information strategies, Marketing management strategies, Empowerment strategies, Executive management strategies, League background, Fans’ background, Market background, Club’s organizational background, Supportive background, Macro background, Political-Legal factors, Economic factors, Social factors and Technological factors.
Eventually, the study model was developed by 6 main categories including: Causal prerequisites, Axial Phenomenon (brand positioning), Strategies, Background Factors, Interfering Factors and Consequences.
According to the study result, executive strategies were presented as a way for club managers to develop and position their brand.